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Collision Model

The collision model explains how chemical reactions occur at the molecular level and why reaction rates differ.

Key Concepts

  • Molecular Collisions: Reactions occur when reactant molecules collide
  • Effective Collisions: Collisions with proper orientation and energy to overcome the activation energy
  • Activation Energy (Ea): Minimum energy required for a reaction to occur
  • Temperature Effect: Higher temperatures increase kinetic energy, collision frequency, and reaction rate
  • Concentration Effect: Higher concentration increases collision frequency

Factors Affecting Reaction Rate

  1. Concentration – More particles → more collisions
  2. Temperature – Higher kinetic energy → more effective collisions
  3. Surface Area – Greater surface area → more collisions
  4. Catalysts – Provide an alternative pathway with lower activation energy
  5. Nature of Reactants – Bond type and strength affect how easily collisions result in reaction

Importance

  • Helps understand reaction mechanisms
  • Explains temperature and concentration effects on rate
  • Essential for designing chemical processes and controlling reactions

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