Collision Model
The collision model explains how chemical reactions occur at the molecular level and why reaction rates differ.
Key Concepts
- Molecular Collisions: Reactions occur when reactant molecules collide
- Effective Collisions: Collisions with proper orientation and energy to overcome the activation energy
- Activation Energy (Ea): Minimum energy required for a reaction to occur
- Temperature Effect: Higher temperatures increase kinetic energy, collision frequency, and reaction rate
- Concentration Effect: Higher concentration increases collision frequency
Factors Affecting Reaction Rate
- Concentration – More particles → more collisions
- Temperature – Higher kinetic energy → more effective collisions
- Surface Area – Greater surface area → more collisions
- Catalysts – Provide an alternative pathway with lower activation energy
- Nature of Reactants – Bond type and strength affect how easily collisions result in reaction
Importance
- Helps understand reaction mechanisms
- Explains temperature and concentration effects on rate
- Essential for designing chemical processes and controlling reactions
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