Skip to main content

Heat Transfer and Thermal Equilibrium

Heat transfer is the flow of energy due to a temperature difference, and thermal equilibrium occurs when two systems reach the same temperature and energy flow stops.

Key Concepts​

  • Heat (q): Energy transferred between systems because of temperature differences
  • Temperature: Measure of average kinetic energy of particles
  • Thermal Equilibrium: No net heat flow between objects in contact

Modes of Heat Transfer​

  1. Conduction: Direct transfer of energy through collisions of particles
  2. Convection: Energy transfer by movement of fluids
  3. Radiation: Energy transfer via electromagnetic waves

Calculations​

  • q = m × c × ΔT
  • For calorimetry: heat lost by hot system = heat gained by cold system

Importance​

  • Explains energy distribution in chemical reactions and physical processes
  • Critical for thermodynamics, engineering, and everyday applications
  • Helps design efficient heating, cooling, and insulation systems

Have Questions?​

If you have any questions, or are looking for more resources, you can join our Discord Server