Introduction to Enthalpy of Reaction
Enthalpy of reaction (ΔH_rxn) is the heat change that occurs during a chemical reaction at constant pressure.
Key Concepts
- Exothermic Reactions: Release heat to surroundings (ΔH_rxn < 0)
- Endothermic Reactions: Absorb heat from surroundings (ΔH_rxn > 0)
- Standard Conditions: 1 atm pressure and 25°C for measuring ΔH
Calculating ΔH_rxn
- Using bond enthalpies:
ΔH_rxn ≈ Σ(Bonds Broken) − Σ(Bonds Formed) - Using enthalpies of formation:
ΔH_rxn = Σ ΔH_f°(products) − Σ ΔH_f°(reactants)
Importance
- Predicts heat released or absorbed in reactions
- Essential for thermodynamics, chemical engineering, and safety calculations
- Helps in designing energy-efficient reactions
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