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Acid-Base Titrations

Acid-base titrations are quantitative methods to determine the concentration of an unknown acid or base by reacting it with a solution of known concentration.

Key Concepts​

Titration Components​

  • Analyte: Solution of unknown concentration
  • Titrant: Solution of known concentration added gradually
  • Indicator: Chemical that changes color at or near the equivalence point

Important Points​

  • Equivalence Point: Amount of titrant exactly neutralizes the analyte
  • End Point: Observed color change using an indicator (should approximate the equivalence point)
  • pH Curves: Plotting pH vs. volume of titrant added helps identify the equivalence point

Types of Acid-Base Titrations​

  • Strong acid + strong base → sharp pH change near equivalence
  • Weak acid + strong base → buffered region before equivalence
  • Weak base + strong acid → similar buffered region

Calculations​

  • Use moles = M × V to relate titrant and analyte
  • Equivalence point condition: moles acid = moles base

Importance​

  • Determines unknown concentrations accurately
  • Essential in chemical analysis and laboratory experiments
  • Helps understand buffer capacity and reaction completion

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